Classroom Management Competency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classroom Management Competency - Essay Example By doing this, the needs of the students were put first because alternatively, I could have chosen to teach the whole class together by applying a single teaching style, which would have been more convenient from the perspective of teaching. A class I recently taught in which I also developed a skill together with my students was during a lesson on how to improve listening ability in order to get a higher score on the listening section of the IELTS. Students were taught to re-read the questions and the answers before the listening passage started. From this, they could then narrow their focus and concentrate on the nature of the answer, be it a telephone number, a name, a street address etc. I conducted a thorough research for this in the area of pre-listening and on how to develop the appropriate listening ability for taking standardized tests, and then applied the knowledge I gained to practical use for the guidance and benefit of the students. I believe that when teaching a class of mixed ability students, it is necessary to adapt the material to suit the needs of a particular group of those students within the class itself. Therefore, I have often divided students into different groups, usually into lower, intermediate and advanced. By using the same material, I normally differentiate instructions for each group. This is achieved by using the same material in the class, but varying the assignment for each group according to their ability. The course materials are thus adapted by simplifying them for struggling students and using them in a challenging way for students that are abler.

Biological Personality Perspective by William Sheldon Essay Example for Free

Biological Personality Perspective by William Sheldon Essay According to William Sheldon, an American psychologist, personality of persons and their temperaments are developed according to the type of physical appearance the person has. Sheldon became to believe that there are three fundamental elements that contributed to person’s actual physique. He devoted his time trying to find the relationship between one’s physique and one’s character and personality. The process he underwent is examining photographs of various people, of various cultures and of various body types. He examined photographs by front, back and side views and generated information which he believes could determine one’s personality. After careful study, he generated the 3 body types which are: endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. According to Sheldon, those persons with endomorphic body are those with soft bodies, underdeveloped muscles, round-shaped and over-developed digestive system. It is said that persons with this type of body are usually tolerant, sociable, relaxed and has the need for affection. On the other hand, persons with mesomorphic body are those with hard, muscular body, overly mature appearance and usually are in upright posture. Characteristics associated with the person with this type of body are being adventurous, courageous, assertive, bold and has love for physical activities and risks. Persons with ectomorphic bodies are physically characterized by being thin, flat-chested, tall, lightly muscled and with delicate built. Usually they are self-conscious, introvert, artistic and emotionally restrained. Dissociative Disorder Reference: www.mayoclinic.com/health/dissociative-disorders/DS00574 Dissociative   disorder is a psychiatric condition in which the person chronically escape in involuntary, unhealthy ways ranging from suppressing memories to assuming alternate identities. (Mayo Clinic, 2007). For a normal person, we tend to daydream when we watch movies, imagining we are one of the characters and enjoy the escape from reality for a short while and as the movie comes to an end we slowly get back to reality. For a person with dissociative disorder, he gets totally lost in his imaginations and has difficulty snapping out from the situations running in his mind. Treatments of this mental disorder include psychotherapy, hypnosis and medications.

Essay --

Loss of innocence In The Lord of the Flies by William Golding explains how a group, as kids grow into young adults being savages due to their need of surviving. Golding wrote Lord of the Flies while a war was going on and said everyone could be a nazi if they wanted to. He believes all people are born evil and in his head his viewing point is shown in the book and the movie. The book and the movie have the same perspective as loss of innocence, savagery Willliam golding wrote and based his book on the war that was happening in the mid 1940s in Europe. He viewed his world as harsh and cruel. They were taking people to concentration camps he didn’t know how far people were capable of going. But he did assure that that if anyone wanted they could become Nazis themselves. He proves that we become what were most scared of if it means being alive. Our brains are controlled to survive no matter what not caring what you can become on the way to survival. Not everyone would become a nazi if they had a choice others have more purified souls and would rather die than become a Nazi. In the m...

Replacements to CFCs Essay -- CFC Environment Geology

Missing Chart What do CFCs do? CFCs are commonly used as refrigerants, solvents in industrial cleaning applications, and as aerosol propellants. Why are CFCs being replaced? When CFCs work their way up into the stratosphere, UV radiation from the Sun can break the molecule down, and release a chlorine atom. This chlorine atom then interacts with an ozone molecule (ozone is vital to the Earth's system in that it protects the surface from harmful UV rays). This interaction results in the destruction of ozone and the eventual release of the chlorine atom to break apart another ozone. It has been estimated that one chlorine atom can dismantle about 100,000 ozone molecules. Ozone's importance and the direct threat to it by CFCs, are the reasons behind the replacement of the chemicals. One thing to notice from the chart is the extremely high ODP for the Halon compounds. These compunds (as can be seen from their formulas) contain a bromine atom that can destroy more ozone when compared to a chlorine. This occurs because it takes longer for a bromine atom to be taken out of the stratusphere. Halons were used in foam blowing apparatuses for fire-retarding systems, but were phased out along with CFCs. Innovative chemical companies With the advent of the Montreal Protocol and other legislation to reduce the production and use of CFCs, companies have increased research and development of replacement system and/or chemicals. The companies that have produced proven products for cleaning, refrigeration, and propellant use are 3M and Dupont. Their products Dupont is a world renowned company whose major contributions include chemicals. On the order of CFC replacement, Dupont has developed hydrofluo... ...iverging nozzle where it is accelerated to supersonic speeds. The supersonic gas-liquid stream is directed onto components that require cleaning or cleanliness verification. The velocity imparted to the water by the gas flow gives it sufficient momentum at impact to remove contaminants on the surface of the component being cleaned or verified while simultaneously dissolving the contaminant into the water, which can be captured for cleanliness verification. The flow parameters for the gas-liquid nozzle can be set so virtually any gas and liquid can be used for a desired flow and mixing ratio. In addition, the size and number of nozzles are adjustable. This adjustability makes it possible to create sizes ranging from small handheld cleaning nozzles to very large multiple-nozzle configurations. Unfortunately, the cost and maintenance required for such a system is high.

Racism and To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, racism proves to be a major theme. The touchy subject of racism has hung around the world for practically forever and has not ever fully ceased to exist in any society; it has only been toned down over time. Judging people on just the color of their skin, is a huge roll in this book just as it was in the 1900’s when segregation was flooding throughout the United States, as it is shown in the picture on the cover page. Racism mainly occurs towards the end of the book and surrounds the trial of Tom Robinson, a black male accused of raping a white female. However, in chapter 8, Harper Lee explores the theme of racism through the symbol of the snowman that Scout and Jem build. The snowman consists of mud to begin with and Scout comments on it by saying, â€Å"Jem I ain’t never heard of a nigger snowman† (Lee, 72). Scout may not have realized she was doing it, considering that in that time it was common to refer to people of color in this way, but she was using a toned down version of racism by using the offensive word ‘nigger’. Racism tends to occur because people like to stick to cliques, if you will, of others who are more like they are. For example, girls who have pale or slightly tan skin, dress quite similar, and have the same interests or hobbies in common tend to stick to hanging out with one another and form a bias towards people who are not like them. This is what creates the unacceptance of others into social groups. To Kill a Mockingbird is such a successful book because â€Å"Lee’s famous and only novel†¦ [shows] the way things have been, not only in real life, but also in the artistic treatment of the era† (Parker). This statement shows that Lee was just trying to prove the point of what society was like growing up and showing the dislike towards others in a person’s community just because they have a different ethnicity than that of themselves. People are affected everyday by racism and the harsh effects it has on them. It not only affects them mentally, but also emotionally and physically. Many people were beaten, and killed from harsh racism. The only reason racism has come around and still lingers is because people feel the need to make  themselves feel more superior than another human and to make themselves seem like they are of more importance than anyone of a different race than them. It is just like what Atticus tells Scout, â€Å"nigger-lover is just one of those terms that don’t mean anything – like snot-nose. It’s hard to explain – ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebody’s favoring Negroes over and above themselves. It’s slipped into usage with some people like ourselves, when they want a common, ugly term to label somebody.† (Lee, 107 – 109). He tells her this when he is giving her a lesson about how Racism works; as he is also teaching this to the audience. He informs us of the power of language and how it gives the person being affected, a feeling of shame. Although Atticus does point out that he, as everyone else should, is fighting for everyone, no matter what race they are, to have equality and feel loved by everyone in society. Racism has always been a malicious disease throughout the world. It exists, as said by one man, because â€Å"At the heart of racism is the religious assertion that God made a creative mistake when He brought some people into being† (Hertz). He is stating that many people believe that God made them perfectly and that people of any other race, are screw ups and don’t deserve to be considered equal. This is why it got so out of hand when America was just forming. The whites coming into America would buy, trade, and sell African-American slaves to work on plantations. Many of these slaves were malnourished, lived in poor conditions such as twenty or more people sleeping and living in a small shack, and were treated like animals. A good majority of these slaves died because of the harsh treatment they received all because the whites who â€Å"owned† them did not believe that they could be considered humans or deserved to have the same privileges and rights that they did in that time period. Thankfully, it has toned down from that, but there are still random outbursts of racism throughout the country and world. It will not go away until people learn that every single person on this planet is a human being and that being of a different ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual orientation does not matter. To Kill a Mockingbird is an amazing book to see the full view of how racism affected those in one’s society as they were growing up. It also makes a  person realize how much of a big difference it can make in a human’s life being treated so poorly by others based solely off of the color of their skin. It brought the subject out in communities when people read the book and many finally realized what impact this had on everyone. Harper Lee’s message was spread and is still continuing to be spread today when students, teachers, and anyone else read the book. Although not everyone will take into consideration what it could do to a person when you make them feel guilty about being a different race, this book helps to remind them and engrains the message into their brain forever. Bibliography Hertz, Friedrich O. â€Å"Racism Quotes.† Thinkexist.com. Web. 5 Dec. 2012 Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1960. Print. Parker, Kathleen. â€Å"‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ Exposed Racism.† Newsmax. Newsmax, 12 July 2010. Web. < http://www.newsmax.com/Parker/Parker-Mockingbird-Lee-Harper/2010/07/12/id/364362> 5 Dec. 2012.

Free Essays on Who Moved My Cheese

Who Moved My Cheese? This has been my second time reading this book, and even though I’ve read this book before, there’s always something new to learn. I think everyone has a little bit of all the characters that were portrayed in this book, in them. In reading this book, I’ve learned a lot about myself, which character I portray, and how to deal with changes or better known as â€Å"moving cheese† in life. Growing up I’ve had to deal with a lot of changes in my life. My parents got divorced when I was eleven or twelve, so I had to adapt or adjust to my dad moving out, and from seeing him everyday to every other weekend. I had to adjust to the new family setting in the beginning I was probably more like Hem in this situation. I was very comfortable in my secure little bubble and I didn’t know or didn’t want to see that changes were taking place. Like Hem I was afraid of the unknown I didn’t know how my family could run without the two-parent sup port system I was so used to, so like Hem I didn’t deal with it. I was very angry about my life being turned upside down without anyone telling me. Even though I didn’t like the changes that were happening around me, it wasn’t helping me to be in denial about them. This is when I started to portray the character Haw. I knew that in order for me to feel better about what was going on I had to first try to adapt to the changes around me even though I was afraid. When I finally decided to accept that my parents weren’t getting back together that didn’t mean that my family was over, just different I was able to feel better about the situation and was able to move on. Life is full of unexpected changes, twists and turns, ups and downs. It’s how you choose to handle the change that makes the real difference. Some people are afraid of what’s different and changes. That’s what’s holding some people back from experiencing the good changes in life. Some... Free Essays on Who Moved My Cheese Free Essays on Who Moved My Cheese Who Moved My Cheese? This has been my second time reading this book, and even though I’ve read this book before, there’s always something new to learn. I think everyone has a little bit of all the characters that were portrayed in this book, in them. In reading this book, I’ve learned a lot about myself, which character I portray, and how to deal with changes or better known as â€Å"moving cheese† in life. Growing up I’ve had to deal with a lot of changes in my life. My parents got divorced when I was eleven or twelve, so I had to adapt or adjust to my dad moving out, and from seeing him everyday to every other weekend. I had to adjust to the new family setting in the beginning I was probably more like Hem in this situation. I was very comfortable in my secure little bubble and I didn’t know or didn’t want to see that changes were taking place. Like Hem I was afraid of the unknown I didn’t know how my family could run without the two-parent sup port system I was so used to, so like Hem I didn’t deal with it. I was very angry about my life being turned upside down without anyone telling me. Even though I didn’t like the changes that were happening around me, it wasn’t helping me to be in denial about them. This is when I started to portray the character Haw. I knew that in order for me to feel better about what was going on I had to first try to adapt to the changes around me even though I was afraid. When I finally decided to accept that my parents weren’t getting back together that didn’t mean that my family was over, just different I was able to feel better about the situation and was able to move on. Life is full of unexpected changes, twists and turns, ups and downs. It’s how you choose to handle the change that makes the real difference. Some people are afraid of what’s different and changes. That’s what’s holding some people back from experiencing the good changes in life. Some...

Ceremony essays

Ceremony essays The protagonist of the story, Tayo, is struggling to keep balance in his life. He has difficulty maintaining a consciousness of what is dream and what is memory. He is torn by feelings of divided loyalty due to his mixed parentage and the loss of his "brother" and friends. In order to portray this sense of confusion between dream, myth, memory, and reality, the author combines prose and poetry throughout the book. Ceremony is not only a story about Native Americans; it is a Native American story. The younger Native Americans are caught in a conflict between their Native values and traditions and those of The United States. Tayo's case in particular serves as a perfect example. Auntie, Tayo's "foster" mother, and all of Tayo's friends experience similar conflicts. The Auntie character demonstrates that the conflicts between Natives and non-Native peoples are not the only source of confusion nor are they the sole division between right and wrong. While some of Auntie's problematic behavior originates in her attempts to negotiate between the two cultures, her longing for her dead son and her subsequent mistreatment of Tayo are also sources of her own conflict and confusion. While the novel supports and respects Native American views and morals, it does not glorify the race as superior nor perfect. Native American tradition includes some practices that some people of the United States cannot understand. However, the reverse is also true. One difficult struggle on the reservation is due to the fact that the old Native American medicine and ceremonies are less effective given the influences of American culture. However, some beliefs and practices endure but may be confusing when only partially understood or observed. For example, Tayo is influenced by the story of Pa'caya'nyi in which the people were tricked by his witchery into abandoning their mother corn, resulting in a great drought. In this poem, the people look for a way t...

Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro

associated with black used in this context are indicative of places that are of little law, unknown dangers or catastrophic events (i.e. Black Plague, Black Monday). By placing fragile â€Å"petals† in to what seems as a harsh environment, the beauty of the faces that he sees is magnified by the unpleasant surroundings. Pound writes this poem to share his experience at the subway station from his perspective. His concise grasp of imagery gives the reader every detail and nuance to completely immerse the imagination in his reality. In whole, Pound’s poem creates an image from... Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro Free Essays on In a Station of the Metro The Explication of Ezra Pound’s â€Å"In a Station of the Metro† Ezra Pound’s words portray a moment frozen in time. The poem, â€Å"In a Station of the Metro,† is a poem of imagery. Through imagery, Pound imbues his vision and thoughts of his surroundings while on a subway train. Pound’s title, â€Å"In a Station of the Metro,† sets the stage to allow the reader to visualize a â€Å"†¦ dark, cold, wet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p657) subway station. Pound uses these words to set the ambiance. He puts the reader at the station watching â€Å"the apparition of these faces in the crowd†(1). The word â€Å"apparition† takes away the identity of the peoples’ faces as what seems like a train speeding by and blurring the faces of the awaiting passengers. Yet Pound does allow the reader to notice the faces that he sees by giving a select few form, hence, â€Å"Petals on a wet, black bough†(2). The author uses â€Å"Petals† to relate to the faces that he notices in the amorphous crowd from the â€Å"bough† which he relates to the train. Pound uses â€Å"Petals† which signify beauty and delicacy, an object spawned from the sun and places them in the â€Å"wet, black bough† which relates to subjects of a subterranean plane, a place that is void of sun which is indicative of a subway station. The word â€Å"black† used by Pound describes the conditions of the subway. Words associated with black used in this context are indicative of places that are of little law, unknown dangers or catastrophic events (i.e. Black Plague, Black Monday). By placing fragile â€Å"petals† in to what seems as a harsh environment, the beauty of the faces that he sees is magnified by the unpleasant surroundings. Pound writes this poem to share his experience at the subway station from his perspective. His concise grasp of imagery gives the reader every detail and nuance to completely immerse the imagination in his reality. In whole, Pound’s poem creates an image from...

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

English literature - Essay Example n Frankenstein there seems to be a continuous struggle for the women characters however the author appears to be very specific in considering independence for women, in the sense not woman character is likely to decide and act independently like that of Jane Eyre. There remains lack of action from the part of women characters, where as in Jane Eyre women characters take the leading as well as challenging position representing their presence in the novel as active. â€Å"However, the passive nature of the female characters adheres more closely to what would typically be expected of them, as both Elizabeth and Frankensteins mother are portrayed as wonderful but nevertheless altogether dependent on the men for provision. It is possible that Shelley felt that too many radical positions in the book might alienate the very audience she was attempting to influence,† observes Shader [2002]. There is one final female character in the book. Frankensteins servant Justine, who is possibly the ideal picture of women in the book. However, the character of Justine has been criticised only as a failure. Elizabeth describes her "softness and winning mildness", while Frankenstein calls her "frank-hearted and happy." It is interesting to note that one woman praises another for her passiveness, and indeed, it is this passive nature that is typical of women in the book and particularly prominent in Justine. Even in the face of the greatest injustice, Justine submits to the judicial system, saying, "I must be condemned, although I would pledge my salvation on my innocence. Shader [2002] â€Å"Another pattern that both Anne Mellor in "The Female in Frankenstein" and William Veeder in "Frankenstein: Self-Division and Projection" discuss is that of name symbolism, which reinforces Victor Frankensteins hubris in trying to eliminate the female as he attempts to win eternal fame as the founder of a new line of superhuman. Instead of submitting himself to the will of the community and the

Law of Torts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Torts - Essay Example I would advise Mr. Andy that his accident occurred in the type of area commonly known for producing similar types of vehicle mishaps, and it will not be necessary for him to prove any type of vicarious liability. It is the duty of the owner to make the property safe. . in the case of McWilliams V. Sir William Arroll 1962, the ‘but for’ test is applicable on the premise that he (Mr. Andy) would not have sustained the injury but for the breach of the (property owner) defendant. Moreover as in Anns V Merton (1977), Lord Wilberforce proposed a two-staged test†¦once neighborhood was established, there is a prima facie duty of care, which can only be rebutted on policy ground. (Boone) I would also caution Mr. Andy that his contributory negligence in not wearing a seat belt as requested by Suzie, may be just cause for his compensation to be reduced. The defendant might introduce the Contributory Negligence Act of 1945, which in part states: Where any person suffers damage as a result partly of his own fault and partly of the fault of any other person or persons, a claim in respect to that damage shall not be defeated by reason of the fault of the person suffering the damage, but the damages recoverable in respect thereof shall be reduced to such extent as the court thinks just and equitable having regard the claimants share in the responsibility for the damage. (Act 1945) ... Andy on the prospect of two additional potential claims. Where vicarious liability is obvious in one and not so clear in the other. While he was in fact a passenger in a vehicle driven by Suzie, she is not personally liable for his injury. To illustrate this I will use the chain of causation as the example and it works thusly: A caused B, B caused C, then A Caused C. In other words, A (kid blindly exiting from vacant lot) caused B (Suzie to make an abrupt emergency stop when she slammed on her car brakes), caused C (Mr. Andy to break his nose). Which in the strict sense of the law represents an additional claim of negligence for Mr. Andy. Under English Law, David's mother is obliged to know where her non-adult children are at all times. She has specific responsibilities concerning their behaviour. The parent is liable for any harm or damage which the child might cause, as a consequence of being unsupervised.However, I would think that Mr. Andy would in all probability in this instance, be willing to exhibit some compassion, and this case would be a moot point, since David is now deceased and his sibling was badly burned in a fire on the vacant lot. Also, since Mr. Andy was the passenger in the vehicle driven by Suzie, where he encountered an accident, he is at liberty to file a claim against her car insurance company. But, I would advise Mr. Andy against filing the latter claim for a number of reasons: (1) Suzie requested that he wear the passenger seat belt on the passenger side of the car. Either due to the comfort level (given the fact that he is overweight), or simply due to his recalcitrance, he rebuked her request. His refusal of her common sense suggestion was a contributor to the

Personal reflection Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal reflection - Term Paper Example Also, the manager is expected to provide expert support to high profile or difficult customers through analyzing the root-cause of specific problems and offering viable corrective planning direction in the service delivery process. As an effective Service delivery manager, I will build strong relationships with customers and maintaining service improvement plans, as noted in literature (Collier 1998). Short term and long-term goals In order to attain my learning goals and succeed in my preferred future career, there are certain short-term and long-term goals that I will attain. These goals will not only make me a better employee, but will guide me towards advancement throughout my career. My short-term goals have a time frame of one year and include the ability to cultivate effective study skills. According to popular research, in my position, I will need to understand different teaching methods used by lecturers and learn skills such as academic research and revision (Guskey 2003). In the same light, I will need to improve my time management skills within one year in order to finish assignments within the stipulated deadlines. I must improve my grammatical and proofreading skills in order to deliver excellent, error-free essays during my course work. Similarly, I need to gain enough knowledge of service delivery in order to excel at the use of information systems in service management, project management, personal development, research method skills and academic communication knowledge (Guskey 2003). My long-term goal is planned to be accomplished over a period of five years. My long-term goal is to attain my dream career of service delivery manager. In order to attain the goal, I have to dedicate a copious amount of time to learning, revision and research. Through this work, I will complete all course modules and seek internship and training opportunities that will enable me to gain practical knowledge in service and project management. In addition, during my advancement closer to my goal, I will take time to evaluate my progression and productive ways to overcome obstacles that encumber my path. Belbin test analysis Knowledge of my capacity to succeed in my career is imperative to understand and select the most viable role I would occupy on a team. As a result, I have conducted a Belbin test in order to assess my skills inventory. The Belbin test enables individuals to form good working relationships and gain self-awareness on individual effectiveness in the workplace. According to the results of the Belbin test that I took, my highest score, was 14 as a company worker (CW). My Score Worker Type 14 Company Worker 13 Chairman 10 Sharper 10 Resource Investigator 9 Team Worker 5 Monitor-Evaluator 3 Completer-Finisher Figure1. Types of Team Roles – Belbin Test Results As a Sharper (SH), I believe I can use my personality attributes to challenge team members to make improvements to their work (and turn obstacles in to opportunities). As a Completer-finisher (CF), I am concerned about tight deadlines and I will ensure that projects are completed within the stipulated deadlines. However, currently, I have a weakness in managing time and meeting deadlines. As a Team worker (TW), I believe that I will enhance group cohesion and facilitate negotiation with team members in

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Essay

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations - Essay Example Initially, Wendt believed on Marxism, as a way of understanding international politics and capital, but later turned to constructivist theory. According to Wendt (1999, 110), in the Agent-Structure theory of international relations, states in international relations act: out of the need to make own free choices and independently; and out of consistent patterned structures which fundamentally shape state choices and opportunities. This discussion therefore seeks to discuss Wendt’s theory and is therefore divided into four sections as shown below: Wendt’s central argument How Wendt’s argument differs from neo-realism and world-systems theory Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ to the agent-structure problem is the only one available or not Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ compelling or not Alexander E. Wendt (b. 1958, Mainz, W. Germany) is a political scientist and a core constructivist scholar in the field of international relations. Toget her with scholars such as Peter Katzenstein, Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore, Wendt established constructivism as a school of thought. Wendt has taught Yale University (1989-1997), Dartmouth College (1997-1999), University of Chicago (1999-2004) and Ohio State University, where he currently serves as the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of International Security. Wendt wrote the Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations in 1987. ... state interests and identities and that because of this, many scholars fail to consider how first and second factors affect state interests and identity. Wendt also points out the failure of neoliberalism as being steeped in the fact that it seeks to explain interstate cooperation by only focusing on the process, while leaving out systematic variables. Constructivism fails to address how state identities are formed in practice (Clarke, 2003, 122). Nevertheless, Wendt ties the constructivist approach to the concept of self-help. This is because, international institutions (as self-help agents) may change identities and interests of states. The concept of self-help as is viewed by realists and himself emanates from the interaction of the units in a system in lieu of anarchy. This stands diametrically opposed to structural and deterministic documents which realists advance, and in which anarchy exists as the principal explanatory variable which drives interactions. Wendt also posits tha t states interact with one another, and depending on the results of the interaction, these states can come to be characaterised by self-help. Whatever is accrued depends on the process and not the structure (Fay, 1996, 75 and Fuller, 1998, 98-112). Klotz, Lynch and Dunn (2006, 355 – 381) observe that according to Wendt, unlike norms-based constructivism, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot give an adequate account for changes which take place in international systems. For instance, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot account for the manner in which states behave at their pristine periods, before they acquire any priors. Koran (2007, 324 – 326) and Nishimura (2011, 96 – 112) charge that Wendt identifies sovereignty, evolution of cooperation and intentional efforts to change egoistic

Critically examine the contribution made by the trust to the following Essay

Critically examine the contribution made by the trust to the following areas of law Charities. (be aware if you chose this topic of the Charities Act 2006.) - Essay Example If ever a piece f legislation should have been an exemplar f parliamentary best practice it is this. There was the equivalent f a White Paper (a strategy unit report); this was then subject to extensive consultation before a Bill was considered by the Joint Scrutiny Committee f the Lords and Commons. The Government responded and issued an amended Bill that was discussed at length in the Lords. After the last election this Bill was reintroduced and subject to further scrutiny in the Lords and then the Commons. (Jobome 2006, 43-59) After all this do we have a magnificent piece f legislation Hardly. It is a useful technical Bill that introduces reforms, making the Charity Commission a body corporate with a larger board and an independent chairman; a charity tribunal to enable the commission's decisions to be more easily challenged; a range f innovations to facilitate greater accountability f charities; easing restrictions on mergers as well as updating old-fashioned constitutions and a long-overdue overhaul f the law relating to public charitable collections. The real innovation is the definition f charity. Since 1601 the meaning has developed through case law. Those established that charities have to relieve poverty, advance religion, advance education or other purposes beneficial to the community. This last category was a catch-all that allowed flexible development f the law. Hence it encompassed organisations concerned with health, the environment, human rights, the arts and a variety f other causes. This portmanteau has been unpicked and there are now 13 charitable purposes listed: the original four plus nine others, some f which, such as the advancement f amateur sport, are slightly different from the past. The big change was supposed to be about public benefit. For religious, poverty and educational charities it has been assumed that they delivered public benefit unless the contrary was proven. Hence this covered independent schools and hospitals and all religious groups from churches to sects. Only charities with purposes beneficial to the community had to prove that they delivered public benefit. The Act changes this. It requires all charities to demonstrate that they deliver public benefit. Yet having gone so far the Government bottled out. It refused to define what public benefit means. It has left it to the Charity Commission2 to do this, based on the existing case law. That case law is, to put it mildly, problematic. The leading case endorses the status quo, where a school or hospital can claim charitable status if it saves the taxpayer money or provides extra facilities unavailable in the state sector. The Charity Commission has announced that there will be public consultation about what public benefit means, and this will be guided by a group chaired by Professor Albert Weale3, f Essex University. This saga demonstrates the constitutional crises affecting the UK Parliament and, in particular, dilution f the doctrine f separation f powers by this and previous governments. Here is a key topic -public benefit -with wide social ramifications that the

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Essay

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations - Essay Example Initially, Wendt believed on Marxism, as a way of understanding international politics and capital, but later turned to constructivist theory. According to Wendt (1999, 110), in the Agent-Structure theory of international relations, states in international relations act: out of the need to make own free choices and independently; and out of consistent patterned structures which fundamentally shape state choices and opportunities. This discussion therefore seeks to discuss Wendt’s theory and is therefore divided into four sections as shown below: Wendt’s central argument How Wendt’s argument differs from neo-realism and world-systems theory Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ to the agent-structure problem is the only one available or not Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ compelling or not Alexander E. Wendt (b. 1958, Mainz, W. Germany) is a political scientist and a core constructivist scholar in the field of international relations. Toget her with scholars such as Peter Katzenstein, Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore, Wendt established constructivism as a school of thought. Wendt has taught Yale University (1989-1997), Dartmouth College (1997-1999), University of Chicago (1999-2004) and Ohio State University, where he currently serves as the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of International Security. Wendt wrote the Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations in 1987. ... state interests and identities and that because of this, many scholars fail to consider how first and second factors affect state interests and identity. Wendt also points out the failure of neoliberalism as being steeped in the fact that it seeks to explain interstate cooperation by only focusing on the process, while leaving out systematic variables. Constructivism fails to address how state identities are formed in practice (Clarke, 2003, 122). Nevertheless, Wendt ties the constructivist approach to the concept of self-help. This is because, international institutions (as self-help agents) may change identities and interests of states. The concept of self-help as is viewed by realists and himself emanates from the interaction of the units in a system in lieu of anarchy. This stands diametrically opposed to structural and deterministic documents which realists advance, and in which anarchy exists as the principal explanatory variable which drives interactions. Wendt also posits tha t states interact with one another, and depending on the results of the interaction, these states can come to be characaterised by self-help. Whatever is accrued depends on the process and not the structure (Fay, 1996, 75 and Fuller, 1998, 98-112). Klotz, Lynch and Dunn (2006, 355 – 381) observe that according to Wendt, unlike norms-based constructivism, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot give an adequate account for changes which take place in international systems. For instance, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot account for the manner in which states behave at their pristine periods, before they acquire any priors. Koran (2007, 324 – 326) and Nishimura (2011, 96 – 112) charge that Wendt identifies sovereignty, evolution of cooperation and intentional efforts to change egoistic

Conflict Between Research and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conflict Between Research and Ethics - Essay Example These are countered though by the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki and the acts of the American and other medical associations. The world has been beset and besieged by various viruses and ailments that up to now remedies and cures are not yet available despite medical interventions and researches. While scientists have yet to find a cure for cancer and AIDS, mutated and virulent strains of viruses have cropped up to claim numerous lives while helpless governments watch in desperation as their citizens fall prey to these esoteric diseases. In 1918, Swine Flu made its ghastly entrance in Fort Riley, USA and immediately worked to wipe out half a million people. It reappeared in Russia in 1933 and in 1976 went back to USA to annihilate more people. Medical researchers frenetically worked to find an immunization remedy for this and vaccinated by government edict, some 40 million Americans. But to their horror, a new strain of disease was generated as a side effect which caused serious neurological disorders. This was named Guillain-Barre Syndrome and victimized 1098 people, 25 of whom died (Orr,2007,pp.21,23). R esulting to manifold lawsuits, this was one case where medical research floundered. Meantime, the swine flu made its presence felt again in Mexico in April 2009 and in a new mutated form which is called A(H1N1) and quickly spread to 30 countries infecting 12,515 people, 91 of which succumbed to death (Reuters, http://http://h1n1virus.us). In most of these cases, governments, in their desire to contain the disease, forcibly vaccinate those afflicted with the antiviral drug Tamiflu or Relenza which medical researchers had come up with to fight the mutated swine flu disease (Reuters, http://h1n1virus.us). Other virulent viruses that made medical researchers work against time to halt them before they bring down more people were the Asian Flu which originated in China in 1957 and killed some 70,000 Americans and 2 million people globally (Orr,2007,p.21); the Ebola Virus which internal and external hemorrhagic symptoms were truly frightening but which was contained only within Zaire and Sudan where it wiped out 400 people (Williams & Wilkins,2008,p.1010); the Avian flu in 1997; SARS in 2003(Friedlander,2009,pp.111-7) and HIV/AIDS virus, first identified in 1981 but which up to now continues to rage and has already killed 2.1 million people while infecting 33.2 million people worldwide (UNAIDS,WHO,2007). The Role of Modern Medical Research Hereinabove, it is clear that medical research has to be maximized in order to save lives from all these virulent strains of viruses that threaten to wipe out humanity from the face of the earth. Only the efforts of medical researchers can save humanity from a life-threatening devastation of the magnitude of bubonic plague which once wiped out of existence 1/3 of Europe or 25 million people from 1346-50 alone. The pioneering efforts of medical researchers to discover drugs such as streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol in order to put to stoppage the havoc of devastation inflicted by The Black Death all over the world from 542 to 1950, was

Description Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Description Paragraph Essay Preferably, description paragraphs should concentrate on action (verbs), rather than sensations (adverbs and adjectives). Writers should assume the role of readers whose idea of the described events is, in entirety, constructed by the paragraph content. Description paragraphs should be detailed, clear, and render the represented reality chronologically. Rather than providing advice, descriptive paragraphs ought to focus on essential information that is presented in a step-by-step manner. Writers commit plagiarism every time they reword sources without crediting original authors or fail to reference their sources appropriately. Plagiarism through paraphrasing can happen in two cases. First, writer may choose to substitute some words from the original with different vocabulary, rearrange words, or rearrange the whole paragraph. In this way, he or she presents stolen information expressing it with his or her own words. And second, writer may try to use exactly the same vocabulary and stylistic constructions and use them with respect to another context. Plagiarism occurs in both cases. I have been looking on, this evening, at a merry company of children assembled round that pretty German toy, a Christmas Tree. The tree was planted in the middle of a great round table, and towered high above their heads. It was brilliantly lighted by a multitude of little tapers; and everywhere sparkled and glittered with bright objects. There were rosy-cheeked dolls, hiding behind the green leaves; and there were real watches (with movable hands, at least, and an endless capacity of being wound up) dangling from innumerable twigs; there were French-polished tables, chairs, bedsteads, wardrobes, eight-day clocks, and various other articles of domestic furniture (wonderfully made, in tin, at Wolverhampton)

Applications of CAPTCHA

Applications of CAPTCHA Ramteen Talib CAPTCHA is a powerful tool Qingkun Ramteen Talib A CAPTCHA or Captcha is a type of challenge-response test used in to computing o ensure that the response is not generated by a computer. CAPTCHAÂÂ   requires that the user type letters or digits from a distorted image that appears on the screen. Any user entering a correct solution is presumed to be human else user is bot and denied access. It is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test. OCRs(Optical Character Recognition) are not able to read CAPTCHAs Characteristeics A CAPTCHA is a means of automatically generating new challenges which: Current software is unable to solve accurately. Most humans can solve Does not rely on the type of CAPTCHA being new to the attacker. CAPTCHAs rely on difficult problems in artificial intelligence Origin First developed by Alta Vistain 1997.The term coined in 2000 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum and Nicholas J. Hopper of Carnegie Mellon University and John Langford of IBM. Primitive CAPTCHAs seem to have been developed in 1997 by Andrei Broder, Martin Abadi, Krishna Bharat, and Mark Lillibridge to prevent bots from adding URLs to their search engine. Turning Test Proposed by Alan Turing To test a machines level of intelligence Human judge asks questions to two participants, one is a machine, he doesnt know which is which, If judge cant tell which is the machine, the machine passes the test. CAPTCHA employs a reverse Turing test, Judge = CAPTCHA program , Participant = user if user passes CAPTCHA, he is human If user fails, it is a machine Types of CAPTCHAs 1.Text Based CAPTCHAs 2.Graphics Based CAPTCHAs 3.Audio or Sound Based CAPTCHAs Text Based Typically relay on sophisticated distortion of text images rendering them unrecognizable to the state of the art of the pattern recognition programs but recognizable by humans. Examples: Simple, normal language questions: What is sum of three and thirty-five? If today is Saturday, what is day after tomorrow? Very effective, needs a large question bank Cognitively challenged users find it hard . Gimpy: Originally designed by Yahoo and CMU. Based on human ability to read heavily distorted and corrupted text. works by choosing a certain number of words from a dictionary, and then displaying them corrupted and distorted in an image; after that Gimpy asks the user to type the words displayed in that image. EZ-Gimpy: A modified version of Gimpy. Used in Yahoo Messenger Service. It contains only one random character string. The word is random and not picked from the dictionary. Its not a good implementation of CAPTCHA, and already broken OCRs. MSN Passport service CAPTCHAs: its provided for Microsoft MSN services. uses 8 characters. Warping is used to distort. Its very strongly implemented and hasnÂÂ ·t been broken Graphic Based CAPTCHAs Requires user to perform image recognition test. Examples: IMAGINATION: CAPTCHA that requires two steps to be passed. first step visitor clicks elsewhere on the picture that composed of a few images and selects in this way a single image. second step the selected image is loaded. It is enlarged but very distorted. Also variants of the answer are loaded on the client side. The visitor should select a correct answer from the set of the proposed words. BONGO: After M.M.Bongard, pattern recognition expert. User has to solve a pattern recognition problem. ASSIRA: Animal Species Image Recognition for Restricting Access. Its a HIP that works by asking users to identify photographs of cats and dogs. Difficult for computers but humans can accomplish it very quickly and accurately. Audio CAPTCHAs Require user to solve a speech recognition test. In this version of captcha letters are read aloud instead of being displayed in an image. Helps visually disabled users Below is the Googles audio enabled CAPTCHA. 3D CAPTCHA 3DCaptcha is the captcha nice to humans, bad to machines. It is written in PHP. A new approach to captchas, using humans spatial cognition abilities to differentiate humans from machines. It uses a markov-chain to generate words that resemble human language and are easy to type, yet avoid dictionary lookups. It filters profane language. Its easy to deploy. Re-CAPTCHA Free CAPTCHA service that helps to digitize books, newspapers and old time radio shows. reCAPTCHA improves the process of digitizing books by sending words that cannot be read by computers to the Web in the form of CAPTCHAs for humans to decipher. Each word that cannot be read correctly by OCR is placed on animage and used as a CAPTCHA. This is possible because most OCR programs alert you when a wordcannot be read correctly. Working of reCAPTCHA: Two words are shown, one word is known as Control Word, and another one is known a questionable word. System assumes that if human types the control word correctly, the questionable word is also correct. The identification performed by each OCR program is given a value of 0.5 points, and each interpretation by a human is given a full point. Once a given identification hits 2.5 votes, the word is considered called. Applications Preventing Comment Spam in Blogs Protecting Website Registration Protecting Email Address From Scrapers Online Polls Preventing Dictionary Attacks Search Engine Bots Worms and Spam Advancing Artificial Intelligence Called Hard-AI problems. CAPTCHA tests are based on open problems in artificial intelligence (AI). A win-win scenario: Either a CAPTCHA is not broken and there is a way to differentiate humans from computers. Or the CAPTCHA is broken and an AI problem is solved. Thus AI knowledge is advanced if CAPTCHAs are broken. V/S Constructing CAPTCHAs Things to keep in mind: Dont store CAPTCHA solution in Web pages meta data A CAPTCHA is no good if it doesnt distort Need a large database of different CAPTCHA questions Avoid repetition of questions CAPTCHA Logic: Generate the question Persist the correct answer Present the question to user Evaluate answer, if incorrect, start again-Generate a different CAPTCHA If correct, allow access to user Guidelines: Accessibility Image security Script security Security after widespread adoption Custom implementation or a general CAPTCHA? Breaking CAPTCHAs Cracking CAPTCHAs through programs Convert CAPTCHA into greyscale Detect patterns in the image corresponding to characters Or, read session files of that user and know the CAPTCHA word Solution: Only store a hash of the CAPTCHA word in session files Issues with CAPTCHAs Usability issues W3C mandates Web to be accessible to all people Some CAPTCHAs are inaccessible to visually impaired, cognitively challenged people Compatibility issues JavaScript may need to be activated in browsers Some may need Adobe Flash plugin installed Real World Conclusion CAPTCHAs are an effective way to counter bots and reduce spam They serve dual purposeÂÂ ²help advance AI knowledge Applications are variedÂÂ ²from stopping bots to character recognition pattern matching Some issues with current implementations represent challenges for future improvements

Human Resources Development Strategies Essay -- Human Resources

This paper describes how to implement HR Strategies which are being formulated and planned for human resource of a company. Human resource is the most valuable part of the organization. It plays a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of the organization. Plans are prepared, but the implementation is the most important part. This paper gives guidelines of implementing various processes in Human resource. Guidelines for implementation of strategy related to Human Resource Development: People: It is important for people in the organization to have work life balance in order to lead a happy life, so the foremost work is to implement the actions for work life balance. Action that should be taken is to conduct a pressure profile audit; compliance audit to see working time pressure on employees. After completion of the audit, results must be evaluated and identify the need for Flexible Roster options. The action should be conducted by the committee whose head must be the Head of the Employment Practice (Human Resources Strategy: implementation plan, 2004). It is necessary to attract local members and youth to the organization for which the Student Support Officer within Human Resources and Young Promotion working group can come together to form a working committee to prepare promotional materials such as Choose a career which provide safety and growth folders. On-site visits can be conducted for students to introduce professional and technical jobs so that they can be attracted to work in the organization. Partnership with various schools and colleges can be established and training can be provided to those who are willing to join the organization. The organization can maintain an on-line database for summer student hire... ...e taken to overcome the delays. Hope the assistance provided by me is sufficient to address the queries. It will surely help you better understand the topic discussed and enhance your knowledge. I am also including the references, from where I found the content. At the end, I wish you happy learning. Sources Cited Human Resources Strategy: implementation plan. (2004). Retrieved June 25, 2014, from http://www.nhs24.com/content/mediaassets/board/2004-09-29%20Item%202.3%20HR%20Strategy%20App%202%20Imp%20Plan.pdf Implementation plan. (2004-09). Retrieved June 25, 2014, from http://www.hlthss.gov.nt.ca/pdf/reports/human_resources/2005/english/five_year_comprehensive_human_resource_implementation_plan.pdf Report on the Implementation of the New Human Resources Strategy. (2006). Retrieved June 25, 2014, from http://www.adb.org/adf/HRS-Paper-ADF-IX.pdf

Essay --

Children In The Civil War For my project on the Civil War, I researched the children that were around to see it. I think it’s important to know how this war impacted children, or even the involvement of children, because of what kids are like today. Today kids sit around and play video games about shooting people, back then, sometimes kids had to. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, kids from both the Union and the Confederacy said goodbye to some of their family members or even joined the military themselves. In fact, roughly twenty percent of Civil War soldiers were younger than eighteen. For the Union, this was the minimum recruitment age. However in times of war, laws were easily overlooked. The Confederacy, however, had no set age limit. Most youngsters weren’t exactly the fighters, but rather musicians. Technically, their job description didn’t include fighting, but if need be, it wasn’t uncommon for one to arm themselves and defend their lives. (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/grant-kids/) I find it interesting to think that teenagers today’s biggest concerns compared to those during the war. Today you’ll find teenagers whose biggest problems in life are getting a five page essay on the Civil War in on time, acne, or those shoes they saw at the mall being ten dollars over the spending limit that their mom gave them. Back then teenagers were running through a hailstorm of bullets, watching as their friends and brothers fell inches away from them. They were thirsty for clean water, hungry for food, yearning for their mothers, or sometimes, even just wishing to be dead so it would end. Some assisted surgeons and sawed off damaged arms and legs. They endured the terrors that were associate... ...ive. (http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/life_during_the_civil_war.php) Slave children were also impacted by this war, however slightly more positively. For many, this war meant freedom. Before the war had quite started, enslaved children had escaped to the North, either with their families or individually. When the war started, many of these families and children would slip into Union territory. Once Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, floods of these families came over. Homes for freed slaves was often no more than a wooden packing crate. Food was treasure, and disease was everywhere. Hope was not lost though. Northerners established schools that would teach blacks of all ages how to read and write. Soon, young African Americans â€Å"pulled a white teenager† and joined the army. They fought for the Union cause and thus experienced the terrors of war.

Movie and Book Comparison Essay

Tuesdays With Morrie is both a book and a movie. They are alike and different in so many different ways. The movie is never going to have as much detail as the book did, but they did a good job making the movie as close as possible to the book. The book covered a lot more aspects of the story than the movie did, and the book focused on the bigger more important parts. There were a lot of main points that the book and movie were alike. In both Morrie dies the same way with the same people around him. At the beginning of this story Mitch is so consumed in his job that he doesn’t give any attention to anything else but his column. As the story progresses Morrie starts to lighten up on the job and work towards a relationship with Morrie. By having this relationship with Morrie helps his relationship back home with his girlfriend who is getting tired of Mitch not giving her the attention she deserves. Janine and Morrie both play huge parts in Mitch’s life in both the movie and the book. The movie used a lot of the same lines used in the book such as Morrie’s aphorisms. One last thing that the book and movie had in common was that each time Mitch went to visit Morrie he could tell Morrie was getting worse and worse. Even though the movie did a great job making the book come to life, the movie and book had a couple differences. The movie never brought up Mitch’s brother like they did in the book. Another thing is in the movie they didn’t talk about Mitch as child like they did in the book. In the movie they show Janine giving the proposal ring back to Mitch in the airport, but in the book they never mentioned that. Also in the book they never talked about Mitch’s breakup with Janine and how he went to her studio and tried to fix it. Mitch’s relationship with Janine was way more a part of the movie than the book. The book focused more on the relationship between Morrie and Mitch when the movie focused on both. Some movies that are made from a book are most of the time completely different, but this movie resembled the book perfectly. The movie covered the most important parts of the book, which made it a success.

Culture and Substance Abuse

The juvenile justice and the adolescent treatment systems have various linkages that can be looked at for long term sustainability. A linkage between various serving agencies is one of the most notable system linkages. As far as system linkages are concerned, building positive relationships is always existent between the two. This has been done for an effective system to ensure that there are positive outcomes based on the correlation that exists (Antai-Otong, 2008, p. 17). There is a lot of appropriate supervision to ensure that juveniles and adolescents are transformed. This has been done by sharing information that can be used as time goes by to turn around both juveniles and adolescents. Cross system coordination has also existed as an important linkage that can be employed for long term sustainability. To ensure that system linkages are effective, there are a lot of community coordination links. Facilities are also a system linkage between the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system. There is no difference between juveniles and adolescents and this means that the system is linked by programs that will involve everybody (Copeman, 2003, p. 6). Another system linkage is research and practice that ensures that the needs of the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system are catered for. The legal system is also linked to ensure that cases are effectively dealt with. Question Two Treatment of substance abuse for juvenile offenders requires a lot of planning for efficiency. This means that there are a lot of clinical and programmati c issues that are involved in planning for treatment. Direct inquiries are made in relation to the treatment that will be offered to ensure that everything is well planned for. Design controlled clinical treatment is another aspect that is done in advance to ensure that juvenile offenders are attended to in specific reference to their problem. Everything needs to be designed from the beginning to ensure that there will be efficiency in treatment for juvenile offenders (Siegel, 2005, p. 19). An upward bound program is designed as far as clinical and programmatic issues are concerned to ensure that there is proper planning. Some of these aspects might include a counseling program that is always effective in ensuring that uveniles who have been abusing drugs are recovering well. Treatment planning is an issue that needs to be put into consideration with an aim of placing good guidelines that will guide the whole process. Before a placement plan is developed, there is need to do a behavioral observation on juveniles. This is because there might be some behavioral problems that might make it impossible to achieve effective treatment (Rang, 2003, p. 34). Juvenile offenders are supposed to be grouped in relation to their substance abuse needs and this is another issue as far as planning for treatment is concerned. Question Three Supportive programs and services are some of the factors that have been used to engage hard to reach adolescent populations. This is because some of these populations are always violent meaning that they are supposed to be approached cautiously. Voluntary counseling is a good approach to reach hard to find adolescent populations (Sullivan, 2001, p. 47). This ensures that they are positively influenced without creating any problem in relation to their general well being and welfare. Identification of specific characteristics in a given population is another factor that has always been used to engage hard to reach adolescents. As a matter of fact, identification of challenges is very important to ensure that a good program is designed for long term sustainability. Conclusion It is undeniable that drugs and substance abuse have become a very important element of youth culture as time goes by. In this case, the abuse of drugs has become a normal trend among the youths thereby forming a culture amongst them. This means that drugs give youths an identity from the rest who do not use drugs. All this withstanding, drugs will continue to play an integral part in youth culture (Copeman, 2003, p. 31). This is because they consider it as a normal thing and aspect of their lives. As a matter of fact, young guys who attend parties consider drugs as a must have. There are youths who are experimenting with drugs to fit in a given group and this could be because of peer pressure. This is what they consider as culture but it has occasionally led to substance abuse in the long run.

First line Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

First line Managment - Essay Example Various studies have postulated that most executives and first line managers tend to be unaware of the various issues until they come out of hand and become a crisis that is very complicated and hard to resolve. Most of these can be avoided only through learning of the skills that enable the first line managers implement strategies for ongoing employee performance success though on the general it is necessary that companies or the groups have a game plan intact. Amongst the issues affecting performance include the working environments, the attitude of the employees towards the organization and the management in general, employees morale and most importantly the leadership style of the organization as regards to addressing employees grievances (Katzenbach and Smith 1993). 1.1 The manager’s role in identifying performance issues in a team Various studies have indicated that the act of holding employees accountable has proved to be the most effective in ensuring consistency in cl arity for performance expectations. This has been propagated as the most important element necessary for motivating work environment. For the managers, a career defining moment for most managers arises during instances where decisions are to be made as regards to addressing or opting to ignore the performance problems. The first step role the manager in identifying performance issues in a team includes devising parameters for performance. When a manager knows what is expected of his employees, then he is in a better position of determining whether the employees are able to reach their targets or not (Katzenbach and Smith 1993). When the manager sets the parameter s for a desirable behaviour or performance, the important thing to keep in view is on how poor performance or undesirable behaviour has effects on not only the organization, but also the employees and the customers. This plays a significant role in enabling the manager has a clear view of the desirable behaviour thus conseq uently placing him in a better position to analyze the employees’ performance. However, the manager should be very keen while analysing performance so that focus is not given to people issues but instead on their performance. Previous researches have shown that employing a subjective view during performance analysis might lead to confrontations between the manager and the employees. When performance problems are identified early, it plays a significant role in helping both the manager and the employee to reach an amicable solution to most of the problems. The main reason behind is on the manager who is entitled with the responsibility of leading the process and coming up with a solution that will initiate a positive development that will in the end benefit the employees and the organization as a whole. It should always never be forgotten that the main purpose of the process has always been to resolve the problem and be a valued employee. 1.2 How to evaluate individual and tea m performance and behaviours Performance evaluation has proved to be important in providing employers with an opportunity to establish their employees’ behaviour and determine their contribution to the organization which is critical to developing a powerful work team. Numerous

Act of Identity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Act of Identity - Assignment Example Whites are attracted by blacks’ cultural differences generated by mainstream social constructions despite being seen as a forbidden narrative, as well as a symbol of rebellion. He identified himself with hip-hop culture, wore baggy jeans, a reverse baseball cap, designer sneakers, as well as developing a taste to rap music. He interacted a lot with blacks and even changed the way he spoke and imitated the AAVE just like African American. Mike even criticized groups he viewed as anti-African American, such as Jews and Koreans. He even accused his mother of being racists by referring to one of his African American childhood friend as Negro (Cutler, 316). This shows how strongly he valued African Americans despite his mother’s dislike of the blacks. Moreover, he felt the name Negro was more offensive and hurting, and since he was fond of his childhood friend, he never wanted any form of hurt directed at him. He tried to associate with poverty in order to prove his authenti city to hip–hop. Therefore, by identifying with the African American culture, Mike wanted to be unique from other whites who were discriminating against the blacks. Moreover, he felt the need to socialize and study or learn the African American culture, as he wanted to lead that particular life. Mike even began using drugs and joined groups of gangs, thus making him collide with police. Another gang group broke his arms. At the age of 15, despite joining another private high school, he continued to use AAVE and hip hop terms like yo, I’ m sayin’ even though he now had modified his speech and was heading towards a better English (Cutler, 315). This showed that he used associated with the African American culture as a form of getting entertainment. Since he belonged to various African American gang groups, he intended to get friends who could help him realize his self. Therefore, he got entertained from activities of the group. Even though at one point he got inju red, he never abandoned the group despite his mother’s plea. Contrastingly, despite abandoning his former lifestyle, never shed the gangster image but still get involved in violent actions and confrontations. 2) Dowdy’s mother expected them to embrace colonization in order to become successful and to up hold their uncle’s image and family status. She argued that as survivors of the long years of slavery, the only way of ensure prosperity is by adopting the British language (Dowdy 2). Moreover, Dowd’s country had many expectations from the colonists. For instance, their books had to be published by British publication houses while the best student writing had to read by foreign audiences such as General of Certificate of Education in London (Dowdy 4). The newspapers in Trinidad had to be produced in the best English in order to enable the Majesty to read despite having got independence twelve years ago. Her mother also expected them to learn ballet, take p iano lessons, join choirs, and dress in the best way as per British fashion. However, the more she tried to please her mother, grandmother, and teachers, the more she got alienated from her friends and peers. Despite speaking the Queen’s language fluently, she frequently got mocked by her friends thus, making her feel lonely and in a different world from peers. For instance while my friends used Trinidadian to express their innermost thoughts and desires, she used the Queen’s language to please her family members and teacher and thus, lived in two different countries. She claims that the colonizer valued the native language for the colonized for entertainment. It underrates the colonizers language. Therefore, the successful colonized person remains in two worlds, the

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce Essay

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce - Essay Example At the end of the work day, I always double check my work and ensure that I did not leave anything pending for the next day. After all, allowing my work to pile up will affect my output and the positive impression that I strive to create in my workplace. 3. Every person you meet is a chance to make a connection. Networking is a very important part of business communication. Provide a 5-6 sentence expression of yourself that would give a great first impression. I have a sunny disposition that helps my co-workers ease into the start of the workday with a light aura. By simply smiling at them as they pass me in the hall, or by creating light small talk with the people in the next cubicle, the workload no longer seems that heavy or hectic to all of us. But that is not to say that I am not concentrated on my work from the minute I enter the office premises. I am actually concentrated on the workload I know I have to take off my desk by the end of the day. But I figure that letting the work get to me and starting the work day in a somber manner will not help get the task done faster. Rather, I look at the task set before me as a game and at the end of the day, after all the work is done, I have won the game and the prize is a quiet and relaxed night at

Astrological Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Astrological - Essay Example They are also good story tellers. I think that I am imaginative in a positive way. I am very much interested in riding a horse. Whenever I am free, I look forward to taking a horse ride because it gives me immense pleasure. I enjoy riding a horse because I had always imagined riding a horse from my early childhood. I don’t know it was cartoons or films but I am interested in horse riding from childhood. During horse riding I love to see beautiful sites. This has always been my dream and it has something to do with my astrological sign. Another good example that explains my imaginative power is that I like to try new things very often. I quickly get bore of doing the same thing. For example, I often rearrange of my room after every other month even if it only involves shifting my bed from one side to another. I have different posters set up on my bedroom walls and I keep on changing them as well. I try to make my room look different using my different posters and art work. I of ten am the one who persuade my friends to try out new and different things. Going out to same places very often is boring to me. I keep on planning different picnics and other activities with friends just to keep the spice in my life. For me, different is always better. Another interest of mine is to read short stories. I love to read short stories as they give me great pleasure. I also keep on thinking about writing a short story and think about different topics. These are some of the examples of my imaginative power. The second personality trait of my personality is cleverness. I think I am a clever person because I can pick new things very quickly. I am a fast learner as I quickly apply things that I see around me. I learned how to ride a horse with any major help. Also I prefer going through a website and reading about different things instead of relying on other people. I am also clever in a good way

Federal Express Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Express - Case Study Example The firm has often come up with performance standard programs, which help the staff meet certain performance targets and retain its position in the field. "As a multi-national, ensuring consistent performance standards and corporate values throughout its employees in every country of operation is fundamental to maintaining and growing its global status." (Case Study) Over the decades, FedEx has faced fluctuating employee turnover rate. This has been due to the very demanding nature of work at FedEx and turnover rate is highest among courier, customer representatives and line managers. (Case Study) This explains who are assigned the toughest responsibilities. FedEx appreciates the efforts made by each person and rewards them appropriately but its performance setting programs have come under attack. We need to understand that delivering packages and documents on time is not an easy task. There are several unseen contingencies that can emerge such as weather conditions, road accidents, traffic jams and flight delays. In order to make sure that each and every packet is delivered on time, FedEx has to recruit people who are self-motivated, active, and young. But this age factor has caused trouble for FedEx. The firm that enjoys an important place in the corporate world cannot help discriminating on age since the nature of th

Art Essay Example for Free

Art Essay The urban vernacular landscape is built from corrugated GI sheets and concrete; its architectural philosophy, expressed by maximizing minimal spaces and improvising. Luis Santos takes the visual language of the streets into the gallery with Structures, his fourth solo exhibition. Born from his interest in random abstract forms, the show is a riff on patterns found in mechanically created assemblies. The starting point of Structures is a galvanized iron (GI) sheet—a ubiquitous roofing material in developing countries—that Santos has distorted, warped, and bent to his will. Four twisted sheets lie on the gallery floor at the feet of a diptych, two square canvases that have been tilted and angled as a reference to construction poster boards, prefabricated tin tabernacles, and provisional lean-to shelters. The strength of Santos’s technique is evident in the three-dimensional quality of his work: the texture, metallic sheen, and rippling surface of the GI sheets are depicted in high fidelity. Each crumple and crease is rendered in minute detail with utter care and attention. In this regard, Santos is comparable to a 15th-century artist obsessed with draped fabrics and communicating the physical properties of cloth—how it folds and falls over a human subject—on canvas. In Structures, the industrial polish of galvanized iron replaces the delicacy of silk and the rich heft of velvet. Structures meditates on many things: the unexpected tessellations arising rom mundane, overlooked objects; the improvisational ingenuity of urban vernacular architecture; and the expanded definition of painting beyond oil and canvas. My Feedback/Insight : For me when i say this work of art i was supprised and stunned cause i always see stuff like this when i go out of the house. So i was interested to know why he did it and what he thought about the artwork that he made. Other people may think his art is made up only by a plain metal sheet and and wooden chairs but for me it offers a macroscopic view of the immense ocean of steel that rolls through the city, and captures the beauty of landlocked waves undulating and glinting under the sun. This piece of artwork is effortless but can go through the hearts of alot of people. For me it shows the hard life of the non wealthy people it reminds me of people who live near the bridges in paranaque and people who have no pemanent home and just build their houses or shelters using plain metal sheets. It reminds me that alot of people struggle because of lack of money but also gives me the impression that even though alot of filipinos are having a hard time living and even though they just have a small house to live in, even though its just made of plain metal sheets and wooded planks alot of families are still together yes some go seperate ways but most of them stay together cause thats what they have their family. If i put it to simple words, This work of art symbolizes the life of the penniless and their hard times as a poverty stricken person. The texture of the art work is just metallic the shape of it a square actually its just a corrugated metal sheets mounted on wooden panel, the artwork is also shiny and curved like the usual roof you see in low class houses in the phillippines. I find it beautiful and misunderstood at the same time. The artwork puts alot of things in my mind and reminds me of the houses in the philippines. The color of the are just gray and fills me with sadness and reminds me of hard times. The lines of the artwork are curvy there is no space movement. It does not have to much color so the art work is just monochrome.

Vaccines and Misinformation Surrounding Them

Vaccines and Misinformation Surrounding Them Celeste Clark An Argumentative Exploration into Vaccines and Misinformation Surrounding Them: TL;DR, Vaccination and Autism Have No Correlation Since the late 1990s, myths about the risk of a link between standard infant vaccination and those administered being autistic as a result, as well as general superstition or skepticism over the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, have been perpetuated and grown in popularity. So much so, that the president (at time of writing, Donald J. Trump) has questioned their safety, potentially putting millions of lives at risk. Vaccination is important for the health and well being of a community, as well as the human race, and should not be disputed. The belief in the chance of developing autism from vaccination is a harmful conviction to autistic people and children who dont get vaccinated because of their parents irrational fear that says, through their actions, I would rather my child die of a preventable disease than have a disorder. Especially in the current climate of alternative facts and conflicting information, it is imperative one should mold their beliefs to fit the facts, not m old the facts to fit their beliefs. Firstly, the positive (a double-meaning here of favorable and certain) effects of vaccination. On the authority of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Although children continue to get several vaccines up to their second birthday, these vaccines do not overload the immune system. Every day, your healthy babys immune system successfully fights off millions of antigens-the parts of germs that cause the bodys immune system to respond. The antigens in vaccines come from weakened or killed germs so they cannot cause serious illness. Vaccines contain only a tiny amount of the antigens that your baby encounters every day, even if your child receives several vaccines in one day. People are usually vaccinated when they are very young, since their immune systems are weak and not well developed. At their young age, they have a higher risk of contracting and failing to successfully combat diseases they come in contact with. The process of developing and testing vaccines begins with a laboratory, continues with clinical trials, and ends with the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), who must approve a vaccine, its safety, and its effectiveness before its distribution and use in the United States. It is such a controlled and extensive process, it typically takes 10 to 15 years of research and testing before the vaccine is presented to, and approved or rejected by, the FDA. Vaccines, in their preventative nature, will likely seem to have a lack of effects to the person they are administered to-e.g., Person A gets vaccinated and nothing changes. Their life goes on as normal, and they do not notice that they have not come down with the disease that the vaccine counteracted. However, Person B was not vaccinated, gets the disease, and feels the full effects of what the vaccine silently prevented in Person A. For such a simple, quick procedure with a low-profile effect, its incredible the positive response it can have on an individual and a community. That, coupled with the fact almost all insurance covers it, makes it seem rather appalling more people fail to take advantage of it. An adverse event is, essentially, a coincidence; a health problem that occurs following vaccination that possibly could be induced by a vaccine. A side effect is a reaction shown to correlate to a vaccine by scientific studies and tests. The difference between adverse events and side effects is significant, especially in an argument as controversial and serious as this. It is important to recognise that personal anecdotes are not evidence. Adverse events reported to the VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) are not necessarily side effects caused by vaccination. Vaccines do not affect or alter genes in any way, and gene mutation is what most likely causes autism, stated here by the Autism Society, There is no known single cause for autism spectrum disorder, but it is generally accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Brain scans show differences in the shape and structure of the brain in children with autism compared to in neurotypical children. Researchers do not know the exact cause of autism but are investigating a number of theories, including the links among heredity, genetics and medical problems. In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities, further supporting the theory that the disorder has a genetic basis. While no one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. Autism is a developmental disorder, a broad spectrum of different symptoms and traits, found in people of all races, genders, ages, etc. It is becoming more commonly diagnosed due to increased knowledge. It is not a disease, nor is it curable or caused by vaccines. This quote from the article Vaccines Dont Cause Autism, but Thats Not the Point by Leslie Waghorn explains the moral wrong of accusing vaccination of provoking autism, and how it affects autistic people: . . . The panel discussion being broadcast was teens and adults with autism and how federal funding could better support them. As the show closed, the moderator asked if anyone on the panel felt a vaccine had caused their autism. Silence. One teen panelist spoke up, no, but it hurts that you would ask that question. The moderators tone softened, he apologized and asked why. . . . As I recall his response was, because it makes me feel like Im damaged or broken, when Im not. I was born this way. My brain just works differently than most other peoples. When people talk about vaccines and autism it makes me feel like Im not a person but a bad result. It reminds me that no one wants a kid like me and parents will risk their kids lives and everyone elses just to make sure their kid doesnt turn out like me. Even if vaccines did cause autism, it isnt a death sentence. Vaccine-preventable diseases can be. Children are not better off dead than disabled. Sources Cited   Ã‚   Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999 Impact of Vaccines Universally Recommended for Children. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 02 May 2001. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Culp-Ressler, Tara. Massive New Study Provides The Best Proof Yet That Vaccines Dont Cause Autism. ThinkProgress. ThinkProgress, 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Ensuring the Safety of Vaccines in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health Human Services, Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Evidence Vaccines Work. Northern Rivers Vaccination Supporters. N.p., June 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. The Facts Behind Vaccine Safety. New York State. Department of Health, Feb. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Fine, Paul, Ken Eames, and David L. Heymann. Herd Immunity: A Rough Guide. Clinical Infectious Diseases 52.7 (2011): 911-16. Oxford Academic. Infectious Diseases Society of America, 01 Apr. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Five Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child. Vaccines.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. How Do Vaccines Work? HealthyChildren.org. American Academy of Pediatrics, 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. How Vaccines Work. Vaccineinformation.org. Immunization Action Coalition, 15 Aug. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Importance of Vaccines. Vaccineinformation.org. Immunization Action Coalition, 09 Nov. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Khalakdina, Asheena, Alejandro Costa, and Sylvie Briand. Smallpox in the Post-eradication Era. Weekly Epidemiological Record 91.20 (2016): 257-64. World Health Organization. WHO, 20 May 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Making the Vaccine Decision. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 03 Aug. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. New Meta-analysis Confirms: No Association between Vaccines and Autism. Autism Speaks. Autism Speaks Inc., 19 May 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Olson, Samantha. History Of Autism And Vaccines: How One Man Unraveled The Worlds Faith In Vaccinations. Medical Daily. IBT Media Inc., 23 July 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Possible Side-effects from Vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 02 Dec. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Proof That the HPV Vaccine Works. HealthyWomen. National Womens Health Resource Center, Inc., 22 Feb. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Should Any Vaccines Be Required for Children? ProCon.org. N.p., 31 Jan. 2017. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Stern, Alexandra Minna, and Howard Markel. The History Of Vaccines And Immunization: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges. Health Affairs. Project HOPE, 01 May 2005. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Understanding How Vaccines Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health Human Services, Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Understanding Risk. The History of Vaccines. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccination Greatly Reduces Disease, Disability, Death and Inequity Worldwide. World Health Organization. WHO, Feb. 2008. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccine Myths Debunked. Public Health. PublicHealth.org, 27 May 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccine Safety: Examine the Evidence. HealthyChildren.org. American Academy of Pediatrics, 26 Jan. 2017. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccine Safety. ImmYounity. Sanofi Pasteur Inc., 03 Feb. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 23 Nov. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccine Side Effects and Adverse Events. History of Vaccines. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 27 Jan. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Vaccines Work! Immunization Action Coalition. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4037.pdf>. Waghorn, Leslie. Vaccines Dont Cause Autism, But Thats Not the Point. The Scientific Parent. TheScientificParent.org, 07 Mar. 2016. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Whats in Vaccines. Vaccines.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 01 May 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. What Causes Autism? My Child Without Limits. United Cerebral Palsy, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. What Is Autism? | Causes. Autism Society. Autism Society, 15 July 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Why Do People Think That Vaccines Can Cause Autism? Caresquad. Caresquad.com, LLC, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Willingham, Emily, and Laura Helft. The Autism-Vaccine Myth. NOVA. Public Broadcasting Service, 05 Sept. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Willingham, Emily, and Laura Helft. What Is Herd Immunity? NOVA. Public Broadcasting Service, 05 Sept. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.

Mathew Shepard Case Brief :: essays research papers

Matthew Shepard Case Brief Facts: Twenty one year old, University of Wyoming college student, Matthew Shepard, died October 12, 1998 at 12:53 a.m. after spending five days in a comma due to massive injuries and head trauma in a robbery and hate crime assault (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). Matthew Shepard met Aaron McKinney (22) and Russell Henderson (21) of Laramie in a local bar called Fireside Lounge. McKinney and Henderson had been drinking. The two led Shepard to believe they were gay and lured Shepard to their truck. McKinney pulled out a gun and said, Guess what- we’re not gay and you’re gonna get jacked. McKinney then told Shepard to give him his wallet. When Shepard refused, McKinney hit him with the gun. With Henderson behind the wheel, McKinney continued to strike Shepard. McKinney then told Henderson to get a rope out of the truck. McKinney allegedly tied Shepard’s beaten body to a wooden split-rail post fence, robbed him of his wallet and patent leather shoes, continued to beat him and left him to die for over 18 hours. Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18), the suspect’s girlfriends, hid the bloody shoes of Henderson and provided the suspects with alibis. Shepard’s shoes, coat and credit card were found in McKinney’s pick-up truck; his wallet was found in McKinney’s home. A .357 Magnum was also found in McKinney’s home (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). On April 5, 1999, 22 year old, Aaron McKinney was found guilty of felony murder, second-degree murder, kidnapping and robbery. 21 year old, Russell Henderson pled guilty to kidnapping and felony murder and was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. Two women described as the suspects girlfriends, Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18) were charged as accessories after the fact of first-degree murder (The Data Lounge, Issues 2000, [on-line]). Issues: Aaron James McKinney seemed to believe that his allegation that Shepard had made a pass at him was sufficient grounds to justify joining with friend Russell Henderson in savagely beating Shepard, clubbing him with a handgun, lashing him to a wooden fence and leaving him to die. McKinney’s attorney wanted the jury to accept that because McKinney has a homosexual encounter when he was younger and that he was under the influence of both drugs and alcohol when he alleges Shepard made a pass at him, that he was therefore not responsible for his actions.

COMPASSION FOR THE SOULS WHO INHABIT HELL :: essays research papers

Dante's Inferno is a 14th- century poem that seems calculated to cause the greatest possible pain to a 20th-century humanist, or to anyone who is attracted to Christianity because of its compassion and belief in the possibility of redemption. The God of the Inferno has precious little compassion and no forgiveness. He was the God who not only turned a blind eye to Belsen, but also exercised great ingenuity in constructing His own blood-chilling concentration camp, where sinners should suffer, not only during their brief lives, but for all eternity. What is particular about Dante's God is that He consigns sinners to their particular circle in Hell according to an immutable tariff of offences. No attention is paid to mitigating circumstances, or the idea of doing justice to the individual soul before the Divine Court. Hell, in short, was made on exactly the lines that the present Home Secretary would wish to impose on our present sentencing system. How do we reconcile the enjoyment of a great poem with what must seem, to many of us today, a repellent theology? Ulysses may best capture our own views in his speech to his sailors. He celebrates the dignity of man and says: "You were not bornto live as a mere brute does/ But for the pursuit of knowledge and the good". But such sensible humanism is, apparently, no better than the excuses of the gluttons and the adulterers. Ulysses is condemned as a thief and must suffer in Hell. In an admirable Preface to Robert Pinsky's translation, John Freccero deals with past attempts to enjoy the poem without revulsion. Coleridge advised us to "suspend disbelief" and enjoy the poetry without accepting the theology. Erich Auerbach suggested we separate "Dante's didactic intent from his power of representation", and held that the reality of the condemned characters overwhelmed their allegorical meaning. Perhaps we should simply remember how Dante suffered from the ruthless power-seeking and political intrigue in Florence and take Hell as an accurate picture of politics today. George Steiner, the distinguished critic and polymath, has suggested in his book In Bluebeard's Castle that the Holocaust is the Christian idea of hell made real and that the most knowledgeable guide to the camps is actually Dante. Robert Pinsky, the recently appointed poet laureate of the United States, was asked to comment on this notion in an interview in The Forward that marked the publication of the poet's acclaimed translation of Dante's Inferno.

Doctor

In order to keep the sand dunes at Scrofula/Wanda economically sustainable there are several strategies that had to be done so they wouldn't be destroyed in the near future. Since there were an increasing number of people going to Scrofula to use the sand dunes, the council, state and commonwealth had the act quick to save the sand dunes. The strategies that were used for sand dune management in the Scrofula area include dune reverberation, polymers covering, walkways, and fencing.Dune Reverberation has been used in the Scrofula/Wanda area for the management of sand dunes because it removes weeds and harmful materials which may affect the condition of the sand dunes. By controlling noxious and environmental weeds, irrigating the planting areas, planting recommended dune species and installing wind protection fences, removing bitumen and other debris from the dunes and access roads, replacing the fences, the dunes can be reverberated so that they may main in a stable condition for fut ure generations.The second strategy is to install a network of paths and barriers to prevent people from shifting the sand dunes. Surfers often check the conditions of the beach by looking over them at the dunes. They run up to the top of them so they can get a view of where there are good waves or not. In summer, an astonishing number of surfers will flock to the beach. The result of those people all running up the dune would cause displacement of the sand and weakening of the dunes.To solve the need for people to travel around the beach, the council has installed walkways to provide a path around the area which doesn't involve people walking or treading on the sand dunes. The dunes have been fenced off in case any people wonder off and don't walk on the pathways. On top of that, board and chain stairs have been put put in to protect the sloped areas of the beach which may be vulnerable to deformation. Finally, polymers has been laid over areas of bare sand to stop sand blowingâ₠¬ ¦